What Factors Affect The Change Of A Business - 948 Words

Activity 2 Questions 1. What factors contribute to the rapid pace of change in business? Is the pace likely to accelerate or decrease over the next decade? Why? There are four factors that help the change of in business. They are natural resources, capital, human resources, and entrepreneurship. I think this is more likely to accelerate over time because people need these services. As people grow and develop their needs change. As things happen in people’s lives expectantly or expectantly they are more likely to need some type of assistance. 2. What role does entrepreneurship play in the economy? Who stands to gain from the success of individual entrepreneurs? How do other parties benefit? Entrepreneurship can kicks-tart the economy by creating work opportunities for the community. However, the entrepreneurship cannot make it on a community that does not support them. Anyone who has the desire to gain employment and better themselves can gain something from an entrepreneurship. Other parties can befit by letting them in and having freedom of trade and not over taxing. 3. When did American business begin to concentrate on customer needs? Why? After WWII. The balance shifted from the producers to the consumers to make more selective choices for the people. Business began to develop different brands and styles to make people feel better and have more choices. 4. What are the factors of production? How can economies grow when one or more of the factors is weak? There areShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Environment1529 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Environment: those forces outside its boundaries that can impact it. Forces can change over time and are made up of Opportunities and Threats. (7) The Organizational environment refers to the forces that can make an impact. Forces made up opportunities and threats. Organizations do not exist in isolation. It works with the overall environment. Scholars have divided these environmental factors into two main parts as. 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The Army As A Profession Free Essays

The Army is a great profession were many individuals come together and make the impossible happen. This institution has to overcome more obstacles then most average career paths will take you. The only way these thing have happened and will continue to happen is through discipline, leadership, training and mentorship. We will write a custom essay sample on The Army As A Profession or any similar topic only for you Order Now The army is always changing at a fast rate of speed and without these elements the profession of arms will fall apart. After over a decade of war the army is changing again and as members of this profession it’s our duty to strive to be the best not only for the immediate goals but for the long term future of the Army. There are billboards, signs, commercials all over the country portraying the Army as a great profession. Most civilians from every walk of life see something they can count on, want to be like when they grow up, or protect them when danger is knocking on our door step. The perception the people have of the army affects the future of this grand organization in ways such as who would be the next generation of soldiers that would volunteer to how soldiers are treated by the rest of the people he/she has sacrifices so much for. The Army is a profession first and foremost. The unique thing about the army is that it takes extra skills to be a professional. Not only do you have to know your job, be tactically proficient, but also continue the path of professional growth through civilian education or training to raise your knowledge in the world around you. It is the responsibility of every leader and soldier to strive for the total soldier concept. With all of the frequent and multiple deployments there have been assed stresses to the soldiers’ families and communities. Because of the war there are many who feel that the standards within the army have fallen from what they once were. But the question what has happened to this profession and what do we do to correct it. To achieve the total soldier concept, there has to be an understanding of what it is to be a real professional and fulfill the duties they raised their right hand and vowed to do. In order for the army to grow as a profession of arms and keep a positive light on it needs discipline, leadership, training and mentorship. All of these things play a role in the total soldier concept. As the army changes with the times no longer is the total soldier concept just learning your MOS being good at PT, and qualify with a weapon. Now if you don’t strive to better yourself with education and schools you will not be able to progress with promotion and then you will have to get out the army. In order for the Army to grow as a profession of arms and keep it image positive, there are some key areas every soldier has to work on to achieve the total soldier concept. Discipline, leadership, training, mentorship must stay continuous in the work environment as well as off duty. Soldiers must also remain resilient when it comes to the mission and be able to adapt. Every soldier no matter what stage in there career should be working to better themselves in these key areas. Discipline is the building block for a soldier. Without it there would be no flow or organization within any unit echelon. Discipline is where the whole army seems to be falling short. General George S. Patton, Jr. stated â€Å"Discipline is based on pride in the Profession of Arms, on meticulous attention to details, and on mutual respect and confidence. Discipline must be a habit so engrained that it is stronger than the excitement of battle or the fear of death. † If the Army has discipline issues it will in turn have problems as a profession. Discipline has to be ingrained into the new soldiers from day one they join the army, but with all the changes the Army has taken a lot of the authority had been taken away from the instructors to help instill the necessary discipline levels needed in the army. The army is not a normal career. There may be doctors and layers within the ranks but they are all soldiers first. Soldiers are put in extreme situations that most career paths would not put you through. So it is imperative that the initial training is a through as it can be. Discipline doesn’t stop at initial training in fact the more discipline is needed the longer a soldier is in the army. The military is expected to be tougher, stronger, quick to react, physically fit individuals. But it all starts from the beginning transition from civilian to soldier with the follow through training to be disciplined as a soldier moves forward in his or her career. As discipline is the building block for a soldier, a soldier’s leadership are the tools used to achieve the building of the blocks. If a soldier doesn’t have a good leader how can that soldier ever develop to his full potential? Leaders train mentor motivate and lead soldiers on a daily basis. They need to be competent in not only there job but in soldiering as well. They need to be avid problem solvers and enginutive on how to accomplish the mission safely and in a timely manner. They should hold an atmosphere of authority around them and there subordinates should be able to trust and respect them. A lot of the newer leadership has not been around for a garrison army and may or may not be familiar with a lot of the cortices that the Army has strayed away from in the last decade due to the war. With all the constant deployments the main focus was on war time missions some of the total solder concept has been lost. As a result there are many Non-Commissioned Officers that are not as proficient as they should be. Being able to go to war isn’t the only thing an NCO has to be able to be. Training and mentoring is a never ending process. There is always something new to learn. There is always someone around who can teach a soldier no matter what the rank on a soldier’s chest might me. In this specific profession soldiers wont only be trained on their specific MOS’s or combat skills but on moral and ethical issues as well to improve the soldiers understanding of how to perform the job asked of them and how to present themselves. Again unlike other professions when this uniform is dawned the soldiers stops representing his or her self but now represents the Army and the United States of America. The Army is slowing down on its deployments so the focus on training has shifted and there are many who need to pay attention and learn so they will continue to be a valuable to the military. The Army is as fluid as a fiver and the soldiers in it need to be as fluid as well. It should be the goal of every soldier to mentor those who are below them to help create a better army, and to find a roll model to mentor them so they can achieve the higher levels they are striving for. As a hole the Army has succeeded in accomplishing all of its missions and tackled the obstacles it comes up against. So this is just one more obstacle to overcome. Making things less stressful and more relaxed will make things worse for solders in general. Discipline has to be enforced to keep control of the mission and to prepare the Army for any future missions it comes up against. Training how we fight and how to present ourselves is the responsibility of every soldier. A leader mentors a subordinate and a senior leader mentors the leader so on and so forth so that there is always an endless cycle of learning and bring the Army into a greater profession. The Army is a career many people will never try and those that do are asked to give more than most other professions, but the difference is the soldiers on this profession represent something much greater than their job. They represent America and as a profession every effort has to be taken to keep America from becoming something other then great. How to cite The Army As A Profession, Papers

Corporate on Employee Upskill

Question: Describe about the Upskills. Answer: Introduction Upskilling employees is one of the most crucial and integral processes of organization. This research will focus on the topic "corporate on employee Upskill. In this context a case of IBM which is one of the giant multinational has been highlighted. This research has shown that how upskilling of the employees can help in improving the performance of the company. Up skilling the employees is a process of training of the employees so that they can acquire additional skills to perform their work effectively. It has become an integral part of many of the successful companies. Up skilling the employees will help IBM in competing and surviving in a highly volatile and dynamic market. This research will also provide deep insights about how to implement the plan of upskilling of the employees in a way that all the needs of employees can meet in the most effective manner. This research will firstly define the actual problem that the company is facing along with the action that can be taken by the organization. Then the advantages and disadvantages of upskilling of the employees will be discussed along with recommending the ways in the company can upskill its employees. An implementation plan will also be discussed. This research will be one of the major contribution in understanding the importance and role of employee upskilling. Problem Definition Lack of skills among the employees is one of the major concerns of the organizations. The skills of the employees are one of the most important elements of an organization that helps in attaining productivity and increased revenue. IBM, one of the business giants is experiencing a dip in the revenue since the year 2015. The senior management of the organization realized that the employees with lack of additional marketing skills that are essential to compete in a highly dynamic and competitive market. The marketing and sales professionals were not able to plot and implement different strategies that were essential in context of surviving in information technology business. The company is facing huge losses despite of offering some of the best products and services. Moreover the sales and marketing professionals of the company are also de motivated by the fall in the companys revenue because of their performance. The company soon has to realize that it is a big problem that needs an i mmediate action(IBS Center for Management Research , 2016). Company Profile IBM is one of the companies that focus on the development of the employees. International Business Machines Corporation referred as IBM is an American multinational technology company that is headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. The company operates in more than 170 countries. The company was founded in the year 1911 as CTR (Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company). In the year 1924, the company was renamed as "International Business Machines". The company manufactures and markets the hardware, middleware and software along with offering the hosting and consulting services in all the areas associated with mainframe to nanotechnology. In addition the company also known is to be one of the major research organizations that hold the record of number of patents. The major inventions of the company include floppy disk, hard disk, automated teller machine (ATM), the magnetic stripe card, the SQL programming language, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and the UPC barcode(IBM, 2016). Action Defined Upskilling is particularly important for improving the performance and productivity of employees. To meet the challenges associated with dipping revenue because of the level of skills of the employees leaders must look for the solutions that develop the skill base of the employees. The ultimate solution is building the skills internally or up skilling the employees. The best practices associated with fostering the continuous learning have to be adopted so as to create an environment where intellectual capital can be easily diffused and shared among the employees. Despite the costs involved in up skilling the employees, it has become one of the most valuable processes that can help in improving the productivity, revenue and engagement level of the employees(Huddleston, 2015). Upskilling the employees directly contribute in the bottom line. For example: if additional skills are provided to the sales team in context of the closing techniques can eventually help in increasing the closing rates of the company. The benefits of upskilling the employees will extend to middle office positions(Bort, 2016). Upside/Downside There are number of upsides of upskilling the employees. The degree of employee productivity can be improved. The performance and engagement level of the employees can also increases. Also, company can achieve a higher degree of employee retention is achieved. In addition, more skills offer the employees a rewarding career and it fosters positive relationship between superiors and the subordinates. Company may also be benefitted by increased revenues and better position in the market(Noe, 2002). However, as every coin has two sides, upskilling the employees is also associated with some negative aspects. The cost involved in upskilling the employees is often high therefore many of the organizations choose not to upskill the employees and use their existing skills. Also, return on investment of upskilling the employees if often unknown. In addition, finding a right provider of the skill is another important concerns of upskilling the employees(National Industry Skill Commitee, 2014). Result Defined The result of upskilling the employees will extend from personal development of the employees to organization development. The pool of skilled employees of the organizations will be able to compete in the dynamic corporate world by achieving the complex targets and objectives. The value of upskilling is very high as the employees will be able to perform in the most effective way along with gaining a sense of accomplishment. The impact of upskilling the employees are for long term and the employees will be continuously motivated to contribute in the overall success of the organization. Employees are the major assets of the organization, anything done to improve their skills will benefit the organization in number of ways(Resilium, 2016). Recommendations The skill advancement of the employees should follow some important aspects. There are some recommendations that can be useful for IBM in context of upskilling the employees and improving the overall performance of the organization. The recommendations are discussed below: The company should identify the area that needs to build additional skills among the employees, so that the upskilling programs can match the actual need of the employees. This step is the first and most crucial step of the overall action plan. The company should then focus on finding the skill providers. These will be the trainers who are actually involved in the process of training and educating the employees. The right skill provider will help the company in training its marketing professionals and sales professionals effectively. The company should however find the skill provider only after the skill development needs of the employees are identified. The company should prepare the employees for the development of additional skills. This is done so as to ensure that employees do not lose interest in their present job. This step is essential in context of keeping the employees active along with encouraging them to clear their doubts and questions associated with skill development (Upskill America, 2014). The company should explain and demonstrate the skill development tasks and activities. The skill developers should explain the importance of the skills along with demonstrating the skills so that employees can effectively involve in the overall process of skill development. The repetitive practices will help the employees in acquiring more skills in a fast pace. The company should at last take the feedback of the employees in context of acquiring the marketing and sales techniques that can help them in improving the closing rates of the company. This is the last step of upskilling the employees at IBM. The feedback of the trainees is important in context of determining the effectiveness of overall program. Nestle, one of the food giants has followed the recommendations and the steps mentioned above to improve the sales. Nestle focused on upskilling its marketing and sales professionals when most of the market was captured by Cadbury. The recommendations mentioned above proved to be highly effective for Nestle after upskilling the employees the performance of the marketing and professionals was improved comparatively in terms of targets(Nestle, 2016). Implementation Plan An implementation plan helps in implementing the skill advancement plan effectively. In order to upskill the employees IBM will be requiring an effective implementation plan. One of the best implementation plans for IBM is given below: Identifying the needs of the employees in context of skill development is one of the most important steps of the implementation plan that has to be followed by IBM. The open communication sessions and performance reviews will help the company to identify the needs. Then the company should focus on finding the training provider along with scheduling the sessions. After the company schedules the session it should then focus on running the classes and ensuring that employees clear their doubts and questions associated with the skill development. At last IBM should focus on colleting the feedback from the employees(Bickerton, 2015). Budget Resources Required Human Resources Role Duration Effort Estimated Total Project manager/ Instructional designer 3 months 10 hours per week 500,000 Writer/Editor 2 months 5 hours per week 300000 Content experts 2 months 5 hours per week 240,000 Graphic designer 2 months 5hours per week 400,000 Administrative 3 months 5 hours per week 300,000 Trainers 3 months 8 hours per week 100,000 Total cost Conclusion The process of upskilling the employees has become one of the most important and integral processes of the most successful organizations. Upskilling the employees will help in improving the overall performance of the employees along with increasing the success rates of the organization In order to improve the sales of the company IBM must develop the skills of its marketing and sales professionals. The recommendations and action plan given in this paper will help IBM in upskilling the employees effectively. References Bickerton, P. (2015, September 5). How Upskilling Your Staff Saves Cash In The Long Run. Retrieved sept 5, 2016, from Saxons Group: https://www.saxonsgroup.com.au/blog/human-resources/how-upskilling-your-staff-saves-cash-in-the-long-run/ Bort, J. (2016, September 5). IBM Is Using An Unusual New Tactic To Retrain Its Employees Instead Of Laying Them Off. Retrieved september 5, 2016, from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.in/IBM-Is-Using-An-Unusual-New-Tactic-To-Retrain-Its-Employees-Instead-Of-Laying-Them-Off/articleshow/42913135.cms Huddleston, T. (2015, April 20). IBM's sales decline for twelfth straight quarter. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from Fortune: https://fortune.com/2015/04/20/ibm-earnings-sales-decline/ IBM. (2016, September 5). About Us. Retrieved september 5, 2016, from https://www.ibm.com/ibm/in/en/ IBS Center for Management Research . (2016, September 5). Training Employees of IBM Through e-Learning. Retrieved september 5, 2016, from https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Human%20Resource%20and%20Organization%20Behavior/Training%20Employees%20of%20IBM%20Through%20e-Learning.htm National Industry Skill Commitee. (2014). Good Practice Workforce Strategies. National Industry Skill Commitee. Nestle. (2016, September 5). Case Studies. Retrieved sept 5, 2016, from https://www.nestle.in/csv/case-studies Noe, R. A. (2002). Employee Training and Development. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Resilium. (2016, September 5). Will upskilling staff improve my business? Retrieved september 5, 2016, from https://www.resilium.com.au/advice-centre/staff-resources/will-upskilling-staff-improve-my-business#.V805Nlt961s Upskill America. (2014). A Guide to Upskilling America's Frontline Workers . Upskill America.

Adafruit Industries

Questions: 1. What are the origins of Adafruit Industries? 2. Who is Lima Fried and what are her skills? 3. In which industry does Adafruit Industries compete? 4. What are the core competencies of Adafruit Industries? 5. What is the source of sustainable competitive advantage for Adafruit Industries? 6. You are a senior executive working for Adafruit Industries: Describe the target market for Adafruit Industries. 7. What is the purpose of Business Level Strategy? 8. Provide an explanation for each of the four Business Level Strategies and the single integrated Business Level Strategy. 9. You are a senior executive working for Adafruit Industries: Provide your recommended Business Level Strategy to ensure the growth of Adafruit Industries. 10. What is the purpose of corporate level strategy? 11. Provide an explanation of Diversification strategy. 12. You are a senior executive working for Adafruit Industries: Provide your recommended Diversification Strategy to ensure sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Answers: 1. Adafruit was initiated by Limor Fried firstly from her dorm room, working on her final project making an open MP3 Player. Aside making her own project, she started making kits that consist of the materials that can be used by her fellows to accomplish their thesis project goals. It led the milestone to Adafruit Industry. 2. Lima Fried was grew in Boston and earned a degree of BS in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) in the year 2005 from MIT. Fried is fully skilled in making new electrical gadgets which are helps DIY for all ages to. Her enormous talent leads many different gadgets that makes people easier n happier to use in daily life; to her credits. 3. Founder and Engineer of Adafruit Industries stated that Adafruit is involved as an electronics manufacturer and educational company in New York City. At the centre of the activity is the dispatch of the opposition New York's Next Top Makers. This opposition "will go about as a business quickening agent for New York based business visionaries, creators and producers, who which are going to be judged by board of specialists and additionally people in general and will get help on the way to commercialization, which is inclusive of business backing, studio space and special mentorship by industry experienced individuals including Shape ways, Adafruit Industries and Honeybee Robotics(Adafruit, 2012). 4. The Core competencies of the company are its source of competitive advantage, which is involved to in performing the method in such a way that it is accountable for being different from its rivals. The core competencies of Adafruit Company are innovation, processes, human resource, marketing, and technology, relation with customers and its associates and many more. Earning core competencies is difficult for organizations, while they are valuable for customers and in some cases they are difficult for competitors develop(Drejer, 2002). Moreover, the core competencies of Adafruit also involve dealing and manufacturing of electrical hardware such as laptops. The company also relies on the education it provides with respect to the technology. 5. The competitive advantages with respect to the sustainability, the company implements value-creatingstrategies. But it does not mean being implemented via any recentcompetitor. These strategies hold valuable, rare and non-substitutable features. Moreover, sustainable, competitive advantages are the benefits, which cannot be replicated and thereby can be sustained for long time(Porter, 2008). 6. The target market of the Adafruit Company is the young generation involved in the excess use of technology. 7. The purpose of Business Level Strategy is to satisfy the requirements and of the customers and their preferences through the best of the industries core competency to receive a good turnout(Goold, Campbell, Alexander, 2003). 8. The four levels of Business Level Strategy are: Competitive Strategy: this strategy gives its customers more benefits in lower prices from other companies. Cost leadership strategy: This strategy is applied to attract a greater number of customers to its side by reducing the price of the products than other companies. Differentiation Strategy: this strategy is applied when a company provide some unique or valuable services to its customers. A team with high skills and creativity, strong marketing and the best quality reputation makes this differentiation worth working. Focus Strategy: Focus Strategy works on a smaller number of customers. It is impressive to focus quality on small number other than more customers and less quality(Conklin, 2009). 9. The strategy recommended to the Adafruit is cost leadership strategy(Conklin, Applying Differentiation Strategies: Teacher's Handbook for Grades 3-5, 2007). The reason behind this recommendation is that the company is already thriving within the competitive market and thus needs to focus on the targeted market now. 10. The purpose behind adopting corporate level strategy to focus on the concerns based on the strategicdecisions, which a respective business makes and thus get influenced in terms of whole. 11. One of the most intellectual corporatestrategiesis used in order to enter in new markets or industries which are not part of the business operations currently. At the same time, creating a new product for new markets recognised. 12. The diversification strategy recommended to the Adafruit Company is in terms of getting sustainable growth with respect to their sales and profits within the current market such as grow in demand as well as with an intention of becoming a well developed industry. This might help in brand image building as well as product quality protection. Reference Adafruit. (2012, October 18). Adafruit. Retrieved May 19, 2016. Conklin, W. (2009). Applying Differentiation Strategies. Teacher Created Materials. Conklin, W. (2007). Applying Differentiation Strategies: Teacher's Handbook for Grades 3-5. Shell Education. Drejer, A. (2002). Strategic Management and Core Competencies: Theory and Application. Greenwood Publishing Group. Goold, M., Campbell, A., Alexander, M. (2003). Corporate-level strategy: creating value in the multibusiness company. J. Wiley. Porter, M. E. (2008). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Simon and Schuster.

World History Essay Sample

World History Essay SampleA World History Essay Sample can be a great resource to see how a student can write a well-researched essay. Many students have faced difficulties with writing essays and even some of the best professors can put a downer on a student's project, so this World History Essay Sample will be of great use.Writing an essay is quite similar to writing any other writing, which is why many students prefer to practice writing essays. The reason for this is because they believe that by writing an essay, it can be very easy for them to understand the topic. To begin with, they realize that writing an essay is not as difficult as it appears, and therefore they want to start as soon as possible.There are two different topics that a student may write about in a first essay. He or she should choose the topic of the first paragraph, as this is the one that the reader is most likely to read first. Once the first paragraph is written, the rest of the paper should be about the s econd topic. A very good idea is to give a brief summary about the second topic and start with the last paragraph of the first topic.When the first paragraph is finished, the next paragraph is now the introduction. The introduction should be carefully written so that the reader can easily identify the section and take interest from the beginning to the end. The introduction must include a little information about the history of the country or the period in question.In the next paragraph, the reader should be introduced to the next topic. A good example of this is about the Industrial Revolution. The more of information the essay sample gives to the reader, the better the essay will be.The World History Essay Sample can be used in the college level to develop a good history essay. It is a very important part of the education process because students should learn how to write a well-researched essay. However, many of the students feel shy to put their ideas to write in a free writing. In a World History Essay Sample, a student can learn how to write an essay so as to create a good essay. A World History Essay Sample is very useful and the student should try to make a number of these. If a student wants to improve his or her writing, he or she should try to put the Essay Sample into practice.

An Investigation of the Effective Use of ICT for E Essays

: An Investigation of the Effective Use of ICT for Education and Learning. ICT as a Transformation Agent for Education. 08 Fall OYEWO SAHEED ADEKUNLE MR HONS EDUCATION MANAGEMENT. STUDENT NO: 2130488019 The purpose of this research is to inquire about the facts and findings of different , but significant literature available on ICTs for Education and ICTs in Education. The research aims at identifying and evaluating different strategies embraced by National and International Researches associated with measuring the effective use of ICT for education and learning purposes; ICT as a Transformation Agent; ICT as an Enhancing tool for delivering quality education; and ICT as a tool to improve Scholastic performance. Abstract: Over the past two decades, Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become an essent ial tool for all areas of life. I n many countries information and communication technology has a clear impact on the development of educational curricula and has fundamentally transformed all business and governance across the world. Education is a very socially oriented activity and quality education has traditionally been associated with strong teachers having high degrees of personal contact with learners. The use of ICT in education lends itself to more studen t-centred learning settings. Moreover, with the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of ICT in education is becoming more and more i mperative, and will continue to develop in this age . In this proposal , a literature review regarding the effective use of ICTs for education will be investigated , along with its effectiveness in teaching learning pro cess ; quality and accessibility of education, learning motivation. Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in society when we take into account the social, cultural and economic role of computers and the Internet. Taking into consideration the fact that all youngsters move through compulsory education, school is the appropriate place to develop crucial ICT competencies. According to Daniels (2002) ICTs have become , within a very short time, one of the basic building blocks of modern society. Many countries now regard understanding ICT and mastering the basic skills and concepts of ICT as part of the core of education, alongside reading, writing and numeracy. However, there appears to be a misconce ption that ICTs generally refer to computers and computing related activities'. This is fortunately not true, although computers and their application play a significant role in modern information management, other technologies and/or systems also comprise of the phenomenon that is commonly regarded as ICTs. Pelgrum and Law (2003) state that near t he end of the 1980 , the term computers' was replaced by IT' (information technology) , signifying a shift of focus from computing technology , to the capacity to store and retrieve information. This was followed by the introduction of the term ICT' (information and commun ication technology) around 1992, when e-mail started to become available to the general public ( Pelgrum , W.J ; Law, N., 2003). According to UNESCO (2002 ), Information and Communication Technology may be regarded as the combination of Information Technology' with other related technology, specifically Communication Technology. Reflecting on all these fundamental d efinitions, ICTS claimed to be innovative, t ransformative, with the potential to accelerate, enrich and deepen learners' understanding and skills for better academic perfor mance. Furthermore, ICTs have a significant impact on the Transformation of School holistically, and strengthening teaching for the delivery of quality education (Davis Tearle , 1999; Lemke Coughlin, 1998; cited by Yusuf , 2005). When the potential use of computers in schools was first mooted, the predominant conception was that students would be taught' by computers ( Mevarech Light, 1992). In a sense it was considered that the computer would take over' the teacher's job in much the same way as a robot computer may take over a welder's job. Collis (1989) refers to this as "a rather grim image" where "a small child sits alone with a computer". The absence of a formal and established ICT curriculum leads to the ambiguous situation, because there is nevertheless an observable policy towards the adoption of ICT in Schools. This policy fosters the integration of ICT in teaching and learning processes, but

Teach Skills for Content Reading With Developmental Reading

Teach Skills for Content Reading With Developmental Reading Developmental Reading is the name given to a branch of reading instruction designed to support students in content area classes, such as  social studies, history, and the sciences. Developmental reading programs teach students strategies for engaging content texts, such as textbooks, articles, and resource books that they will encounter in high school and beyond, in higher education settings.   Developmental reading does not address basic reading skills, such as phonemic awareness,  decoding, and vocabulary.   Many community colleges offer developmental reading courses to help students who are not really prepared for the rigors of college-level courses, especially technical textbooks. Strategies for Success in Developmental Reading Often students with disabilities are so overwhelmed by the amount of text they see in their content (social studies, biology, political science, health) classes that they will sometimes just shut down without even looking for information they need.  Their typical peers may never actually read a text since they can often use text features to find the information they need.  Teaching students, especially students with a history of difficulty with text, how to use text features will give them a sense of command over the text and help them read strategically as part of test preparation and study skills. Text Features Helping students recognize and learn to use text features is a foundational part of developmental reading.  Teach students to first scan the text, reading captions and titles and subtitles, and they will be better able to understand and remember the content of the text.   Illustrations:  the pictures, of course.  Photographs: yes, they are photographs rather than illustrations.Maps:  often to be found in social studies texts, and can typically be pivotal to understanding content.Captions:  found under illustrations, photographs, and maps, captions usually label what the student sees, often offering import information for unlocking the meaning.Titles:  tells specifically what the author intends you to find in the chapter or article.Subtitles.  the subtitles show how the author organized the information and can help students find the specific information they need.Index:  in the back. Very important to know how to use it.Glossary:  often word (new content-specific vocabulary,) will be boldfaced in the text, and students need to know that the glossary has a definition. Prediction Getting students to prepare for approaching a text is an important part of success in reading.  SQ3R  was the standard for many years:  Scan, Question, Read, Recite and Review.  In other words, scanning (using text features) was to lead to questions:  What do I know?  What do I want to know?  What do I expect to learn?  Yes, that is prediction!