Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Epistemological Position And A Qualitative Research Design

The approach of this study will take the epistemological position and a qualitative research design. Humphries (2008) asserts that qualitative research focusses on the subjective and recognises that the researcher will affect the data that is produced and therefore the outcome of the research. Denzin Lincoln (2005:3) state that â€Å"Qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them†. Quantitative research on the other hand, claims to be objective, removing the researcher’s views and values from the study. While traditionally quantitative data has been deemed to produce more reliable or valid data, it does not suffice to capture the complexities of the human experience as it assumes a positivist epistemology. This research has taken a narrative methodolgy as this approach recognises that realities are socially constructed, and that human actions and agency are contingent on socio cultural, political and historical influences (Gill and Goodson, 2011). Using in depth semi structured interviews will ensure that trans-people have the best opportunity to express their story and impart the information that they feel is important to them. A structured interview approach would endanger the research in that the questions would have to be chosen prior to data collection and therefore could reflect assumptions the researcher had made and as the information shared isShow MoreRelatedThe Social Construction Of Experience1437 Words   |  6 PagesIn particular, qualitative researchers tend to focus more on the social-constructed reality and the contextual influence, interaction and constraints between the researcher(s) and the participants. They are interested in finding answers to questions that focus on the â€Å"social construction of experience and how meaning is created† (Cooper White, 2012, p. 15). However, quantitative researchers â€Å"emphasize measurement and analysis, and focus on product rather than process† (Cooper White, 2012, p.Read MoreMy Experience With Parenting And Home Schooling1642 Words   |  7 Pageslearning about qualitative research method and design, engaging participants through a research interviewing and obtaining information about the participants’ live experiences and transcribing the data (Caswell, 2007).To interview the participant, I formulated the research problem; what is your experience with parenting and home schooling. I generated research open-ended research interview questions for a one and one interview with the participant. The purpose of the research interview to gainRead MoreJustification For A Qualitative Methodological Approach1593 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlines the research methodology. It will provide a justification for a qualitative methodological approach and specification of methods employed. Highlighting the appropriateness of interviews and focus groups in relation to the methodology and overall research. It will also provide recognition of their relative strengths and limitations. 3.1 Methodology/Methodological approach Research methodology and methodological approaches that is, the structured process of conducting research and the overallRead MoreThe Ontological And Epistemological Theory809 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Kumar (2014) defines research methodology as the process used to collect data and information for the purpose of analysis and decision making. This chapter will discuss the philosophical foundations of the research which will explain the ontological and epistemological stance underpinning the study. It discusses the mixed-method design and the specific qualitative and quantitative methods adopted and how these challenges were resolved. 3.2 Research paradigm Corbetta (2003) defined paradigmRead MoreDq Questions1507 Words   |  7 PagesThanks for the information provided about qualitative study. Your response provided valuable information to help doctorate students achieved with more confidence research papers. For most qualitative studies, it appears that there are two major issues with sampling, (1) sampling the entire population (e.g., only two people contracted a rare disease in the world and the study is conducted only with those two individuals), or (2) taking a sample of the population from which to make generalizationsRead MoreWhat Does Ontological Position Influence Mixed Methods Research?1456 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to reflect upon a methodological approach towards in what extent does ontological position influence mixed methods research which involves both collecting and analyzing the combination of quantitative and qualitative data. This reflection will begin with defining the ontological position, then why this app roach influence mixed method research and followed by a conclusion. Defining ontological position The term ontology is derived from the Greek word, with â€Å"onto† meaning â€Å"being†, and â€Å"logos†Read MoreWhat Is The Generic Qualitative Approach? Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesis the ‘generic qualitative approach’? There are various research methodologies in qualitative research. However researches sometimes do not find one particular methodology to fit the all types of research. When researches face this kind of challenging situation, they tend to accept ‘generic qualitative approach’. Generic qualitative approach is not guided by an explicit and set of philosophic assumptions in the form of one established qualitative method. Generic qualitative method is sub dividedRead MoreResearch Methodological Approaches1108 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodological Approaches Introduction This essay have discussed about the main methodological approaches and the definition and explanation of the main philosophical terms, as well as mentioned about which philosophical approach will be use in the research project for next year. Business Research Ontology ‘A theory concerning the nature of social phenomena as entities that are to be admitted to a know ledge system’ (Saunders, 2007: 605). The word ‘ontology’ seems to generateRead MoreEpistemology and Its Influences929 Words   |  4 Pagesepistemology influences the formulation of a management research problem, it is necessary to define the term epistemology and clarify some of the varying epistemological stances. In doing so, the reader will be able to understand the myriad different variations of epistemological viewpoints, each of which shape the direction of research and the sort of problem that research attempts to identify. Management research builds on the long tradition of research in the social sciences (Somekh and Lewin, 2005).Read MoreDefinition, Consistency And Neutrality Must Be Addressed?976 Words   |  4 Pagesinquiry into human condition is executed. There are some critiques of qualitative research namely reliability/dependability, generalization/transferability, flexibility, time consuming, objectivity/confirmability, credibility/believability, and sampling/variables. The criticism of qualitative studies inability to generalize their findings to the population is not valid. Williams et al., (2004) asserts that the goal of qualitative research is that one of interpretation, describing individuals’ definitions

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Domestic Violence and Social Problems - 1268 Words

Domestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can also be withholding necessary resources to sustain health such as medication, food, sleep, or forcing alcohol or other drug use. Economic abuse is an attempt to make the victim financially dependent. Such as sustaining control over financial resources†¦show more content†¦Children who encounter domestic violence face increased risk of exposure to traumatic events. These risks may include neglect, being directly abused, losing one or both of their parents. At birth, a baby’s brain is 25% of its adult weight, increasing to 66% by the end of the first year due to the â€Å"brain growth spurt† which occurs between the seventh prenatal month and the child’s first birthday. The developing brain is the most vulnerable to the impact of traumatic experiences during this time. New research on the brain development suggests that exposure to extreme trauma will change the organization of the brain, resulting in difficulties in dealing with stress later in life(NSW, 2002). Exposure to domestic violence can subject children to pervasive traumatic stress which leads to Post -traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD. Post traumatic stress disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you have gone through an extreme emotional trauma that involved the threat of injury or death. Summarizing several studies, Rossman and colleagues report that 13-50% of youth exposed to interparental violence qualify for diagnosis of PTSD (NCBI,2007). Each child r esponds differently to trauma, some may be rigid and not exhibit negative effects. In 2011, child protective services received 3.4 million referrals, over 75 percent suffered from neglect which is one of the effects from children exposed to domestic violence. The National Comorbidity SurveyShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And An Imperative Social Problem1370 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is one of the world’s leading dilemmas. It is occurring in our backyards or the homes of our next door neighbors. In our everyday world this issue has been accepted, tolerated and greatly associated within various relationships. Music does an excellent job in referencing this matter in countless songs. For example, a pop single by The Crystals He Hit Me (And It Felt Like A Kiss) in (1962) uses amusing vocals with corroding strings and sorrowful drums to enhance this song and shedRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Social And Legal Problem1344 Words   |  6 PagesHistorically, domestic violence has been viewed as a private issue to be dealt with between partners. It wasn’t until the 1970s that intimate partner violence (IPV), also known as domestic violence, became recognized as both a social and legal problem. Policy and lawmakers have been avidly defining the roles of the criminal justice system and communities in responding to domestic violence since its official acknowledgements as a public issue. Male Victims’ Experiences with Domestic Violence Our societalRead MoreDomestic Violence And A Social Health Problem Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence happens in every socio-economic level and to people from all walks of life. It is also the single largest cause of violence in United States (Sherman, Schmidt, Rogan,1992). Despite this alarming reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the public is in line with what is consider unacceptable and with what the law considers legally wrong. It should come as no surprise that the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention currentlyRead MoreReflection On Domestic Violence s Intersection With Various Social Problems1982 Words   |  8 PagesDaniel Garcia June 24, 2016 Social Problems Fieldwork Paper Professor Brita Andercheck Reflection on Domestic Violence’s Intersection with Various Social Problems PennyWise is a resale store affiliated with the Fort Bend Women’s Center in Sugar Land, TX. This organization works to advocate and provide resources for women and children who are victims of domestic abuse. Their mission statement is: The Fort Bend Women’s Center empowers survivors of domestic or sexual violence and their children to achieveRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Widespread Social Problem Affecting Women, Men, And Children845 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is a widespread social problem affecting women, men, and children. This phenomenon cuts across cultures and social strata, increasing the likelihood for psychological and emotional issues for the victim and family members. Waldman, Finzi-Dottan, and Weintraub (2013, p. 57) affirm from their findings, Abused women are not a homogenous group, and the repeated traumatic events throughout their lives may result in formation of insecure attachment patterns and PTSD which consequentlyRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Public Health Problem Of Epidemic Proportions, Requiring Urgent Action Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction 2 Theoretical Frameworks 3 Defining Domestic Violence 5 A Brief History 6 International Comparisons 7 Discussion of Domestic Violence 9 References 10 Executive Summary This report will offer a review of Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The ways in which this abuse occurs will be included as well as theoretical frameworks to aid in understanding the extent of this social problem. A review was issued by the World Health OrganizationRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Act910 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence affects millions of Americans in different circumstances annually. Over the years, the numbers of reported cases of domestic violence gained stable growth prompting social activists and legislators to draw stiff measures to counter the problem. About one in four women are affected by domestic violence in the United States. The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that at least four-hundred and seven-thousand incidents of domestic violence crimes were committed in the year 2010Read MoreDomestic Violence Against Indigenous Women947 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle â€Å"Domestic violence against indigenous women is everybodyâ⠂¬â„¢s problem† domestic violence is depicted as a serious social problem that involves â€Å"unspeakable acts of violence† that leaves victims experiencing fear and despair (Taylor 2014). More specifically, the social construction of domestic violence will be discussed with an emphasis on Aboriginal women and a typology of intimate partner violence. The social construction of domestic violence has serious implications for victims of domestic abuseRead MoreLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence948 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence effects everybody in a family. Patterns of abuse from one parent to another, between both parents or directed toward a child all have a composite effect of inflicting potentially severe emotional damage upon the child. The research outlined here identifies domestic violence as a serious sociological problem and consequently provides a usable definition of domestic violence for the present study. This is followedRead MoreThe Postmodern Theory Of Narrative Therapy Interventions1594 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the postmodern theory, a person’s perceived reality is a social construct that is influenced by social and political discourses (Cummins, Sevel, Pedrick, 2012). Postmodernist focus on these discourses because it is believed that our realities are shaped by language, both verbal and written communication (Chang Nylund, 2013). Thus, postmodernism hypothesizing that since reality can be constructed by society, it can also be reconstructed or reframed using language. A major interventions

Monday, December 9, 2019

Annotated Bibliography Bergh

Question: Write an annotated bibliography on Bergh. Answer: Bergh et al., (2014) described the perceptions of the nurses regarding the conditions for patients education. In this study, the author has also described the variations in the working conditions for the nurses in hospital, municipal and primary care. The author has performed cross-sectional survey with nurses using the randomized selection method. The instrument used was questionnaire and the results were analysed by content analysis and descriptive statistics. The questionnaire was designed to determine the factual experiences of the nurses and their attitudes to the patient education. The result demonstrated that the condition for patient-education differed in various health care setting and there is a need of appropriate conditions for successful change. The author has mentioned the importance of the social media and information technology for the patient education. The literature review has highlighted that the nurses need training and management skills for patient education. Further, it discussed the positive impact of nurses effective communication skills and attentive listening on the patient. The author has explained the ways to enhance awareness regarding pedagogical competence. However, the researcher in this study has not explained that how nurses in hospital and municipal care setting can be better prepared for patient teaching. There are no other strategies except reflective tactics mentioned in the paper for overcoming nurses deficiencies in patient education such as lack of correct follow up of the research or correct attitude towards their duty. The paper failed to highlight how the change process can be enhanced by mangers. However, the questionnaire may not give reliable results, as it may be preferred when the items a re normative. In addition, the validity cannot be evaluated for single items. Even in interview the researchers expectation and the societal expectations may not be transferred to the same extent. In this survey, the limitation is that the nurses may have not given the normative expected answers. The author has not mentioned about any modification in the content of the teaching course. The strength of the paper includes clear introduction, background, research aim and a rich literature data. The weakness of the study is lack of critical analysis of the other qualitative and quantitative studies. Bergh et al., (2014) work has made significant contribution to the existing literature in this area. Understanding the perceptions of the nurses about the education of patient will help address issues in this area and develop effective strategies for successful outcomes. The results imply for creating a culture for natural work related to evidence-based patient education work. Various health care setting can apply the method of reflective activities and supervision of education work recommended by the researcher. The need of the managerial support indicated in the study is an important implication for the health organisations to ensure cooperation with the nurses to strengthen competence in them for patient education by creating reflective pedagogical discussions in their daily routine.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

King Henry I Essays - Dukes Of Normandy, Archbishops Of Canterbury

King Henry I The death of King Henry I in 1135 put Henry II on the path to the throne of England. Henry II lavish youth kept him sheltered from society only allowing him to have a couple friends. One of his life long friends soon became a burden because of differences in opinions about religion. Henry's intelligence and persistency from birth led him to be crowned King of England. The appointment of Thomas Becket to Archbishop by Henry II started the trend of conflict between the two over the separation of church and state. Henry II, the first of the Plantagents was the son of Geoffrey Plantagent and Matilda, daughter of Henry I. In 1152 Henry married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the ex-wife of Louis VII of France. With this marriage, Henry gained considerable amounts of land in France. In 1153 Henry returned to England after his stay in France and forced Stephens to name him the heir of the throne. Henry immediately appointed his long-term friend Thomas Becket, English Chancellor, to be Archbishop of Canterbury. Becket accepted the job of Archbishop in 1162 but he did it with some reluctance. Becket's unkind heart soon became a thorn in Henry's side.(Hay 107) By 1163, Becket had already defied Henry in one of his decisions. He challenged his former friend in his vehement to dismantle the ecclesiastical courts. Becket became an ardent defender of the interests of the church. Becket's hard-nosed attitude towards defending the Church of England showed just how important the church was to England. The affairs between Henry and Becket became a highly colored by their personal relationships.(Henry II) Their life long friendship was the only thing that kept the two on the same side. Another strong disagreement came between the two on the status of criminous clerics. These were members of the clergy who had committed civil crimes. The crimes ranged from theft to assault and even murder. This became a total embarrassment to the church. Henry sought to have the members tried in the royal court, as would others who committed such crimes. Becket insisted that they only be tried in the clerical courts. The disagreement became a heated battle between the two. Becket stood firm on his belief that the matter should not be brought to a higher court. The situation would only bring even more embarrassment to the Church of England if the members were crucified in the public courts.(Bowden 78) The situation became such a heated battle between the two that in 1164 Becket sought refuge in France. During Becket's exile, Henry began to straighten up the country and straighten up the courts system. Henry also marched in and conquered Brittany without much opposition. During this time great reforms were made to the English law system. Henry used his intelligence and energy to make lasting changes in England. Several important legal reforms were made to the English Common Law. Henry continued to freely change and control the church without any opposition. Through the auspices of Pope Cutittus III, King and Archbishop were reconciled in 1170 and Becket was allowed to return to England. No sooner than he returned the two found themselves bickering over their different ideas. Neither of the two would yield their principals to each other. While Henry was away in Normandy word of Becket's actions were relayed to Henry. This outraged Henry that Becket could take advantage of him not being in the country. While on a walk with his noble knights Henry allegedly said, will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?(Henry II) Becket, again proved to be a burden to Henry. In response to Henry's remarks about Becket, four knights sought to find Becket back in Canterbury. The knights had taken Henry's words literally and traveled to Canterbury with the intentions of killing Becket, doing Henry a favor. Becket was openly slain by the four knights when he was kneeling at an evening prayer. Everyone's attention focused on Henry who was criticized for the murder. Henry was saddened and mourned when he learned of Becket's death. Henry claimed to be heartbroken and felt he needed forgiveness.(England during crusades) The knights pointed the ordering of the killing towards Henry as they tried to divert the

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Writing Acrostic Poems Valentines Poetry Lesson

Writing Acrostic Poems Valentines Poetry Lesson Are you in need of a quick Valentines Day poetry lesson plan to share with your students? Consider practicing acrostic poetry with them. To begin, follow these steps. First you must start by modeling the format of acrostic poems with your students. Work together to write a collective acrostic poem on the whiteboard. You can start out simple and use a students name. As a class brainstorm words and/or phrases that correlate with how the students feel about the name you are using for the example. For instance, lets say that you use the name Sara. Students may say words like sweet, awesome, rad, etc.Give your students a Valentines-related word list so that they can write their own acrostic poem. Consider the words: love, February, heart, friends, appreciate, chocolate, red, hero, and happy. Discuss the meaning of these words and the importance of expressing their appreciation to loved ones on the Valentines Day holiday.Next, give your students time to write their acrostic poems. Circulate and offer guidance as needed. Be sure to offer students suggestions if they ask.If you have time, allow the students to illustrate their poems. This project makes a great bulletin board display for February, especially if you do it a few weeks ahead of time! Suggest that your students give their acrostic poems to family members as Valentines Day gifts. Valentines Acrostic Poem Sample #1 Here is a sample of just using the word Valentine from a teacher. V - Very important to me A - Always smiling at me L - Love and adoration is what I feel E - Every day I love you N - Never make me frown T - Too many reasons to count I - I hope were always together N - Now and forever E - Each and every moment with you is special Sample #2 Here is a sample of using the word February from a student in fourth grade. F - feels very cold E - every single day B - because its winter time in every single way R - red means love U - underneath the warm sun A - always dreaming of the warmer months R -ready to celebrate Valentines day Y - Yes, I love Valentines Day even though its cold outside Sample  #3 Here is a sample acrostic poem using the word love from a second grade student. L - laughing O -oh how I love to laugh V - valentines day is about love E - every day I wish it was Valentines Day Sample #4 Here is a sample poem by a fifth grade student using the word grandma. G - Grandma is special and kind and sweet R - rad like a biker and someone you want to meet A - awesome N - not to mention cool D - daring and sweet, she always M - makes me laugh A - and that just cant be beat Sample #5 Here is a sample poem written by a fifth grader for her best friend. In this poem she used the name of her friend. A - A is for awesome and for someone I want to be N - N is for nice, because shes like my family D - D is for dedicated, because she is always by my side R - R is for radiant, I will always have her pride E - E is for generic, shes always on the go A - A is for angelic, she always seems to glow.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Is The Ladders Irresistible Or Irrational

Is The Ladders Irresistible Or Irrational Oooh, ah, la la la. Half-clothed men lying on an office floor in evocative poses.   Fully clothed (in office casual) men crawling on top of each other.   Women crawling (yes more crawling) or dancing on desks seductively, wind blowing through their hair.   Overactive wind machines. These images, overlaid upon a sultry â€Å"Oooh, ah, la la la† musical score, comprise a January 2011 television commercial from The Ladders.   It seems some effort was put into infusing this marketing piece with†¦Ã‚   ummm†¦Ã‚   political correctness?   The video is replete with intimations of gay relationships, interracial relationships, and Asian and Black successful careerists. But what’s politically correct about people seeking employment through sex appeal, regardless of how ridiculous it clearly is? I get it.   It’s a metaphor and it’s meant to be outrageous.   Come to The Ladders and we’ll create an â€Å"irresistible† image that will get you the job of your dreams.   But why would anyone want to work with a company that resorts to wacky sexual innuendo to gain clients who are climbing the corporate ladder? I also get that social media has blurred the distinction between private and public lives, and that employers might be able to view a prospect’s â€Å"relationship status† through a quick Facebook search.   Maybe sex and job search are no longer so far removed from each other as I would like to think.   Perhaps that’s a question for The Ladders.   I sent them a trackback so maybe theyll respond here. The small print in the video says â€Å"Be more attractive to $100K+ employers.†   One thing’s for sure, the folks in this commercial could use a LOT of help. I suppose that’s the point. Or perhaps this whole mockery is simply an attempt to create viral video. What do you think?   Is The Ladders irresistible?   Or just irrational?   Would you be more or less likely to hire The Ladders after seeing this commercial?   I would absolutely love to hear your opinions on this one! And if you want solid resume and cover letter help with just the right â€Å"pop† and appeal, consider The Essay Expert’s Resume and Cover Letter packages. Category:Job SearchBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 10, 2011 6 Comments The Essay Expert says: January 10, 2011 at 12:14 pm James, you got me laughing! Thanks for the comment 🙂 Log in to Reply Judy Cullins says: January 10, 2011 at 6:03 pm Brenda, Thanks for this post.Ive seen this ad, and it was too bizzare for me. I like creativity, but this one went a little far for my palate. I think we all need more creativity in our ads and online promotions, so I take note of this idea. I use captch on my blog for business writing to include eBooks, online marketing, and web writing. I sometimes have trouble with it. Cheers, Judy Log in to Reply Hajra says: January 11, 2011 at 1:46 am Wackymore like awkward. It totally gives the wrong message. It might be hinting at You need to be sexually attractive to be hired. But then, isnt it sending out all the wrong vibesIs it all about your physical attraction or is there more to hiring and the likes. This ad doesnt air in my network (I live in the Middle East), but I wouldnt be surprised if it gets a record number of hits on You Tube. Its high time advertisers evaluate the social and psychosocial impact of their actions. Log in to Reply Rosanne Dingli says: January 11, 2011 at 2:53 am In my opinion, its a pun on the word attractive. These copywriters are rarely as deep as we think. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 11, 2011 at 8:32 am The Ladders website has copy to the tune of, Lying upside down half-clothed on your office desk wont get you a job. Want to make yourself attractive to employers? Sign up with The Ladders. I think the copywriters knew exactly what they were doing, and decided it was worth turning off a few people to get the publicity! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 18, 2011 at 11:47 pm Thanks for your great comment Tani! You have exactly the perspective and response The Ladders is going for. I actually agree with you (shhh dont tell my readers). Log in to Reply

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Kitchen Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kitchen Design - Essay Example These being the changing Role of Women, Domestic Science, Industrialization, Food Safety and Health Determinants (Moody and Vineyard, 476). From these probably the two most important factors were the changing role of women in society and industrialization. Industrialization bought kitchen appliances in homes with microwaves ovens becoming the most popular appliance that later even replaced the traditional stoves in certain homes.The changing role of women is another factor worth discussing. With health issues being raised after the advent of the industrial revolution and people realizing the importance of kitchen for food safety, servants were being replaced by women in the kitchen. The abolition of slavery further limited domestic help in the kitchen. However, industrial appliances became the new servants for these women. While women accepted the kitchen, they were also exploring the corporate world and thus they began a dual life where they began managing both the kitchens and thei r jobs.Evolution of Kitchen DesignIn the early times, kitchens were very different from what we have today. The advent of the industrial revolution greatly changed the landscape of the traditional kitchens as modern kitchens were fitted with the industrial appliances and also had water fittings. At the turn of the twentieth century, kitchens came fitted with iron stoves, sewers and gas pipes. But industrialization in the twentieth century brought bigger changes in the original design of the kitchens.

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Analysis of The Johnstown Flood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of The Johnstown Flood - Essay Example McCullough focuses on various characters including the white-collar populace, the wealthy Pittsburgh steel barons, reporters, railway operators and rescuers, who jammed the scene after the disaster. The whole narration of the disaster resulted in the development of the story of post-flood mania, which was spectacular as the flood itself. Therefore, analyzing the book of McCullough, â€Å"The Johnstown Flood†, brings the novice reader to an overwhelming position, though the disaster story needs matching to the history of America. In about 60 pages, McCullough exposes the pre-flood, which leads to massive disaster. That was just before the narration reaches the night before the flood. A critical analysis of the book brings the idea that McCullough incorporates different characters and scenes from the Johnstown people to those of the railway and the building of the dam. Consequently, it led to the founding of hunting club and the south fork fishing. There is mingling of many them es of the late 19th century into the whole story with the full blare of them leading to disaster. The abandoning of the canal project and selling of the dam by Pennsylvania State resulted in the fact that professionals did not inspect them. That was due to the changing from the canals to the railroads. McCullough noted that some signs of trouble began when there was a division between the manufacturing employees and the Gilded Age millionaires. In fact, many in Johnstown feared the annual spring flood. However, the reader will be astonished to find that the dam broke in 1862 due to the fact there was mismanagement and neglect. The concrete narrative of the flood and the immediate consequences covers the majority of McCullough’s book. He epitomizes the event-based point of view. Chronologically, events are perfectly flowing, through the examination of several accounts happens at once, probably due to the amount of information. This also involves the commentaries and the post-s torm interviews. Furthermore, McCullough employs revisiting the most significant and detailed stories. Therefore, â€Å"The Johnstown Flood† book has a wealth of context and analysis, which indeed makes it an outstanding disaster book. McCullough's book highlights numerous events of the floods. A critical analysis of the book shows that McCullough places the whole event in a detailing and perspective situation; he describes how the water took its journey to Johnstown. He even tells of the speed and the height at varying times, even describing the Black Death Mist before it1. McCullough describes another highlight involving the swift organization of the people of Johnstown immediately after the disaster. In the book, the people immediately organized for meetings, recovery, cleanups, and the election of leaders. This was after their realization that the arriving of help would not be that easy because of the washing of the railroads. The leadership skills were quite visible in t he people due to their lack of lawlessness, looting, and epidemics. Afterwards, help was in, including several reporters. This led to the cleanup becoming the issue at hand, especially with the Clara Barton’s Red Cross, which later gained legitimacy.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Final Project Essay Example for Free

Final Project Essay To turnaround an unprofitable company, Joan imposed new management ideas despite her father’s business practices and culture. With her leadership, Joan will lead and motivate Invitations Inc. employees, and the company will become more profitable. This leadership void threatens Invitation’s Inc â€Å"sustainable pattern of customer focus and profitable growth† (Millikin 9). Invitations Inc. needs to continue the momentum and motivation to accomplish growth. Replacing Joan with as the new CEO by use of a search committee represents the obvious solution to the problem. However, this assumes a replacement could and would be Joan’s equal, including leadership and management style, vision, and knowledge. Garrett could allow Joan to transition the leadership role to a replacement of her choice, with approval of Invitations Board of Directors, after a mentoring and trial period. On the other hand, Invitations Inc. could negotiate with Garrett to extend Joan’s stay as CEO to ensure the status quo. This would allow Joan to continue her successful leadership and strategies, or run the company as CEO of Invitations Inc, while decreasing redundancies and increasing operating efficiencies. Analysis of the Alternatives Search committees often replace the traditional hiring of upper management and leadership. The committee must define present conditions and develop a consensus of criteria used in evaluating candidates, including the leadership qualities needed at this stage in the company’s revival plan. Next, the committee can identify, screen, and interview candidates. Afterwards, the committee can recommend candidates to the board for consideration and their eventual decision (Poston 1). Alternatively, if one exists, Invitations Inc. should implement their succession management plan. Evaluation criteria are critical to the search committee. To build consensus, the committee should examine the past and the present to understand the future. With her recent success and credibility, Joan might become a benchmark for the search committee. An  examination of Joan would reveal her background and multicultural experiences, which have enabled her to embrace the cultur al differences between her dad and her. She fervently believes that â€Å"cultural conflict, if paced and channeled correctly, could provide opportunity for rapid innovation† . In hindsight, as the case suggests, Joan recognized the primary need to focus on corporate culture without passing judgment, recognizing its pros and cons. As an example, Joan confronted her dads method of performance evaluations and employee advancement. In US, factors like age, education level, and years of service to an organization determine career advancement. Except for those whose actions reflect poorly on the group and its members, seniority is the key factor for recognition and promotion. This paradigm often resulted in delays to the decision making process in an effort to achieve consensus,† thereby impeding the company’s decision-making (Millikin 3). To address these corporate cultural issues, Joan successfully balanced eastern collectivism and teamwork with western individualism. First, to develop a trust with employees, Joan displayed her strong interpersonal skills; she was the first manager to walk around the entire company and meet every employee in perso n (Millikin 5). Next, she developed systems for employee opinions and recommendations instead of hiring outside consultants. She also exposed managers to unfamiliar cultures, different areas of the business outside their boundaries, and more information through transparency and cross-functional teams. Nevertheless, she demanded personal commitment within the team environment by demanding accurate work, playing off the strength uncertainty avoidance (Millikin 8) Joan felt could use adjustment is the extent to which the people focus on the past, present, or future. Joan recognized that Invitations Inc. employees did not have a sense of urgency about the future, a potential bankruptcy. It makes sense for employees not to worry about such financial matters when the government bails out large employers. Thus, after careful detailed analysis, Joan recognized management did not have a vision for employees to follow. Therefore, he developed a long-term plan focusing on profit and listening to the customer. By mixing the cultural norms, Joan capitalized on the strength of the Invitations Inc. employee. As a leader, she understood cultural behaviors while appreciating their differences. Her cultural sensitivity coupled with her people skills helped turnaround the company. These skills  and decision-making ability are not mutually exclusive to Joan’s normative decision model, which assumes decision-making styles are learnable. Therefore and a possible near-identical substitute could exist. One major problem with search committees are the significant amount of time and effort necessary by the members, who are often upper management, might produce less than ideal candidates (Poston 1). Although best practices exist for search committee, Joan’s replacement might not harmonize with the company. The replacement might undue the corporate cultural changes under Joan, reverting to old habits, or tip the balance of cultures too far in the other direction. According to the case’s timeline, Joan would continue as CEO of Invitations Inc. for as long as needed. This could be time spent by Joan to mentor a successor of her choice. Joan should follow the succession management system, if one exists, to find the future leader for the company. If such a system does not exist, Joan will need to follow a similar process to that of a selection committee: identify, screen, and interview candidates, and make the recommendation of a candidate to the Board of Directors. There must be full confidence and trust in Joan’s decision by the board and the company, and in return, Joan needs to be fair and as objective as possible, using the same criteria and documenting all steps during the selection process. During her time with the company, Joan stablished relationships with other managers and leaders, some of high-quality, some of low-quality. According to the Leader-Member Exchange model, â€Å"those followers with high-quality relationships are in the in-group (Nahavandi 87). Applying this model would assume Joan’s in-group enjoyed her attention, support, confidence, respect, and more favorable job performance ratings, often leading to promotions. Remember, Joan moved away from the cultural norm of the seniority promo tional system to a pay for performance system. Moreover, Joan might know those in the in-group intimately from non-work related social networks. Since she developed employee-based programs to eliminate the hiring of consultants, using the in-group as a pool of replacement candidates seems the most logical. However, should Joan feel her option, the entire company, are not suitable, she could use this time to search outside of the company, maybe her personal in-group. As part of Joan’s selection criteria will be support for her change management principles, including establishing cross-functional teams to address silos; focusing on key basic  metrics of quality, cost, and customer satisfaction; ensuring transparency and communications that connect all levels of employees across the company. Additionally, Joan believes the CEO should align employees with company goals and strategies through the leader’s vision, which initially would be the revitalization plan established by Joan. Once Joan chooses her successor, she can personally groom and mold this individual. However, as Fiedler and his Contingency Model suggest, leadership effectiveness is a function of the match between a leader’s style and the leadership situation (Nahavandi 70). Essentially, Fielder proposes the leader cannot change his style but can change the situation. As such, unless Joan wants significant change within the company, she should not tolerate candidates lacking the core values necessary to meet leadership needs, like respect for employee buy-in. LEADERSHIP VERSUS MANAGEMENT From these definitions, it should be clear that leadership and management are related, but they are not the same. A person can be a manager, a leader, both, or neither. In the company, there are many different activities, the manager and leader would have different function in the activities. On create an agenda, the manager needs to planning and budgeting. The manager establishes detailed steps and timetables for achieving needed results. The manager needs to allocate the resources necessary to make those needed result happen. The leader needs to establish the direction. The leader develops a vision of the future, often the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. On develop a human network for achieving the agenda, the manager needs to organizing and staffing. The manager establishes some structure for accomplishing plan requirements, staffing that structure with individuals, delegating responsibility and authority for carrying out the plan, providing policies and procedures to help guide people, and creating methods or systems to monitor implementation. The leader needs to align the people. The leader communicates the direction by words and deeds to all those whose cooperation may be needed to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. On executing plans, the manger needs to control and solve the problem. The manager needs to monitor the results vs. plan in some detail, identifying  deviations, and then planning and organizing to solve these problems. The leader needs to motivating and inspiring. The leader needs to energize people to overcome major political, bureaucratic, and resource barriers to change by satisfying very basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. On outcomes, the manager needs to produces a degree of predictability and order and has the potential to consistently produce major results expected by various stakeholders. The leader needs to produces change, often to a dramatic degree, and has the potential to produce extremely useful change. Joan and her father will need to establish a knowledge of the above to strengthen their relationship. Works Cited Face Value: The $10 Billion Man. The Economist World News, Politics, Economics, Business Finance. The Economist Newspaper Ltd, 24 Feb. 2005. Fonda, Daren. CARLOS GHOSN, RENAULT: He Did So Well, Lets Give Him Two CEO Jobs TIME. Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews. Time, 1 Dec. 2003. Moffett, Sebastian, and Mike Ramsey. Renault CEOs Image Takes Hit. MarketWatch. Wall Street Journal, 12 Apr. 2011. Millikin, John P. The Global Leadership of Carlos Joanat Nissan. Publication no. A07-03-0014. Thunderbird, 2003. Muller, Joann. The Impatient Mr. Joan- Forbes.com. Information for the Worlds Business Leaders. Forbes, 22 May 2006. Nahavandi, Afsaneh. The Art and Science of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009. Poston, Muriel E. AAUP: Presidential Search Committee Checklist. American Association of University Professors.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Abe Lincoln :: essays research papers fc

History Essay The United Sates declared its independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. Great Britain did not recognize its independence until, the Treaty of Paris, two years after the American forces defeated the Britain army at the siege of Yorktown. Since the Articles of Confederation were replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789, the United States has had forty-two different presidents. Among these presidents, two of the best have were George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. This essay will prove that George Washington was the greatest U.S. president of all time. There are certain attributes that good presidents have. It is said that â€Å"good presidents are always stubborn and disagreeable.† 1 Along with those two qualities good presidents are intelligent, selfless, hard working, good communicators, good listeners, good problem solving tactics, determination, and they are able to recognize problems. George Washingtons rise to power started in 1732 when he was born , in Westmoreland, Virginia on his father’s farm. He lived until 1799, when he died at the age of sixty-seven. He served as president from 1789 threw until 1797. When growing up, George received most of his education from his father and older brother. â€Å"When he was 17 he was named the surveyor of Culpeper County, this was the first public office position he held.†2 When Washington was finished surveying, â€Å"in November of 1752, he was appointed the adjutant in the colonial militia. His first mission did not come until the following summer, when he volunteered to take a message from Governor, to the French commander. Following this mission he was brought to the kings attention, and he was given a lieutenant colonels commission.†3 Washington showed his opposition to Britain started in 1759 when he became a member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses. â€Å"He was known to be shy and reserved†4 but he opposed the British rules and regulations that they placed on the Americans and protested the Stamp Act and the Townshend act which in both cases placed taxes on people without consulting them. This was known as taxation without representation. After serving in the House of Burgesses for 15 years he was elected to the Continental congress. â€Å"On June 15, 1775 the Continental Congress unanimously elected him general and commander in chief of its army. They chose George because he was respected for his military abilities, his selflessness, and his strong commitment towards colonial freedom.†5 General George Washington led his men and his country too freedom in the American war of independence. Abe Lincoln :: essays research papers fc History Essay The United Sates declared its independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. Great Britain did not recognize its independence until, the Treaty of Paris, two years after the American forces defeated the Britain army at the siege of Yorktown. Since the Articles of Confederation were replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789, the United States has had forty-two different presidents. Among these presidents, two of the best have were George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. This essay will prove that George Washington was the greatest U.S. president of all time. There are certain attributes that good presidents have. It is said that â€Å"good presidents are always stubborn and disagreeable.† 1 Along with those two qualities good presidents are intelligent, selfless, hard working, good communicators, good listeners, good problem solving tactics, determination, and they are able to recognize problems. George Washingtons rise to power started in 1732 when he was born , in Westmoreland, Virginia on his father’s farm. He lived until 1799, when he died at the age of sixty-seven. He served as president from 1789 threw until 1797. When growing up, George received most of his education from his father and older brother. â€Å"When he was 17 he was named the surveyor of Culpeper County, this was the first public office position he held.†2 When Washington was finished surveying, â€Å"in November of 1752, he was appointed the adjutant in the colonial militia. His first mission did not come until the following summer, when he volunteered to take a message from Governor, to the French commander. Following this mission he was brought to the kings attention, and he was given a lieutenant colonels commission.†3 Washington showed his opposition to Britain started in 1759 when he became a member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses. â€Å"He was known to be shy and reserved†4 but he opposed the British rules and regulations that they placed on the Americans and protested the Stamp Act and the Townshend act which in both cases placed taxes on people without consulting them. This was known as taxation without representation. After serving in the House of Burgesses for 15 years he was elected to the Continental congress. â€Å"On June 15, 1775 the Continental Congress unanimously elected him general and commander in chief of its army. They chose George because he was respected for his military abilities, his selflessness, and his strong commitment towards colonial freedom.†5 General George Washington led his men and his country too freedom in the American war of independence.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Immanuel Kant and American Psychological Association Essay

For this paper, I will explore the ethical issues in Psychology, more specifically the violation of basic human rights in the example of the Stanford Prison Experiment. The following questions will be addressed: Was the Stanford Prison Experiment worth the consequences it had on the participants? Was it morally right to put the participants in these conditions without their full consent? I will first begin by discussing the experiment and then explain how it was conducted. I will also briefly explain the American Psychological Association guidelines relevant to this example using three of their APA codes: beneficence, autonomy and justice. Then, I will discuss two contrasting theories, the first will be the theory of utilitarianism and if the consequences of the experiment justify the means; in this experiment it seems that the findings justify the actions that took place. The second theory will focus on the Kantian ethics, more specifically the Categorical Imperative 2 where the experiment will be categorized as morally justified or morally unjustified; it seems that using the Categorical Imperative 2 makes the experiment morally unjustified. Finally, I will present my point of view on the ethics of this experiment, which is derived from both theories such that I believe that the findings of the experiment can morally justify the actions that Zimbardo permitted the prison experiment. First of all, what are human rights? As stated by Murthy (2010) human rights are: â€Å"another basis for making ethical judgments. The most basic human rights are to have claims or entitlements that enable; a person to survive, to make free choices, to realize one’s potential as a human being (a right means that a person or a group is entitled to do something or entitled to be treated in a certain way). † The Stanford Prison Experiment was a violation of human rights because the prisoners’ rights were revoked. The Stanford Prison experiment took place in 1971 by Professor Philip Zimbardo. This experiment was held at Stanford University. The aim of this study was â€Å"to investigate how readily people would conform to the roles of guard and prisoner in a role-playing exercise that simulated prison life (McLeod, 2008). † The men that were chosen to do this experiment went through a series of tests. Zimbardo chose twenty-four participants that were randomly assigned to the role of guard or prisoner. This experiment would last two weeks and each man would be paid 15$ a day. The guards were the first to have a meeting and were told to keep order in the prison. They were also given uniforms and mirror-reflective sunglasses. The prisoners were, on the other hand, arrested without notice at their home were strip-searched without consent. They were to wear white robes and had a chain to their ankle. Within a very short period of time the participants started to settle into their roles. The guards quickly became more authoritative and also sadistic, they started to harass the prisoners and became very violent. They were enjoying their role of power. The prisoners became more submissive. After thirty-six hours, one prisoner had to leave the institution because he started to â€Å"have uncontrollable bursts of screaming, crying and anger; his thinking became disorganized and he appeared to be entering in the early stages of deep depression (McLeod, 2008). † Following this episode, more and more prisoners started to show signs of depression. The experiment that was supposed to last fourteen days ended after six. The American Psychological Association is the largest organization representing psychology in the United States and Canada (APA, 2013). The mission of these psychologists is to â€Å"advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people’s lives (APA, 2013). The APA has a set of five major guidelines in their ethics code, which are: beneficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice and respect for people’s rights and dignity (autonomy). In the case of the Stanford Prison Experiment, some of the principles such as beneficence, justice and autonomy were not put into effect. â€Å"Beneficence means to maximize benefits and minimize harm (Shaugnessy et al. , 2006 quoted by Xavier, 2013). † Zimbardo did not try to minimize harm because although the prisoners were humiliated, in distress and experiencing psychological stress, it took six days for the experiment to shut down. â€Å"Justice means fairness in receiving the benefits of research in addition to accepting the risks (Shaugnessy et al. , 2006 quoted by Xavier, 2013). † Here justice was not respected because the participants did not consent to the full experiment. They weren’t properly informed about what really was going to take place in the prison and therefore did not make a decision on the entirety of the facts. â€Å"Autonomy (or respect for people’s rights and dignity) implying respect for individuals was not present (Shaugnessy et al. , 2006 quoted by Xavier, 2013). People’s rights and dignity were not taken into account. The dehumanizing process began at the beginning of the experiment, when prisoners were instructed to strip naked and accelerated from then on. If this experiment were to be done in today’s society, it would be turned down. â€Å"If modern guidelines were followed, the Stanford Prison Experiment would never have been allowed to take place as it would constitute a serious branch of ethics in accordance to the guidelines of the American Psychological Association, not least because of the fact Zimbardo and his fellow researchers failed to respect the rights of their participants by failing to tell them exactly what they were getting themselves in too (Burgemeester, 2011). † From a Kantian point of view, can we morally justify the actions by Dr. Zimbardo in the Stanford prison experiment? The answer to this question is in Kant’s Categorical Imperative. Kant’s second Categorical Imperative states that â€Å"So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never means† which in basic terms means â€Å"don’t use people†. It is important to remember that Kant believed that human beings have a special dignity because of their rational nature and that therefore humans deserve a special kind of respect (Van Der Wee, 2013). When taking the example of the Stanford prison experiment, many of the participants’ human rights were not respected. First of all, the prisoners were arrested at their homes, without notice. They were brought to a police station where they had their fingerprints and photographs taken. They were then blindfolded and driven to the Stanford prison where they were stripped naked and then put in a cell. This is a perfect representation of how the prisoners’ were striped of their rights. They had not in anyway consented to this: â€Å"Participants were deceived; an example would be that their consent forms were not complete and did not properly address all that would take place (Shaugnessy et al., 2006 quoted by Xavier, 2013). † After a day in the prison, the participants already started to take their roles more seriously. The prisoners were more submissive and the guards were more aggressive: â€Å"It was not long before the situation rapidly worsened as the behavior of the prison guards became increasingly sadistic and more prisoners succumbed to psychological stress (Burgemeester, 2011). † Prisoners wanted to leave the experiment but weren’t allowed to: â€Å"Several of his participants requested withdrawal numerous times, but he discouraged this and almost forced them to carry on (Zuczka, 2012). † Although the experiment was supposed to last fourteen days, it was stopped after six. Many researchers wonder why it was not stopped after the first time a prisoner was beaten. References Alkadry, M. G. , & Witt, M. T. (2009). Abu Ghraib and the Normalization of Torture and Hate. Public Integrity, 11(2), 135-153. American Psychologists Association. (n. d. ). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. American Psychological Association (APA). Retrieved April 29, 2013, from http://www. apa. org/ethics/code/index. aspx? item=3 Burgemeester, A. (2011, June 21). What are the Zimbardo Prison Experiment Ethical Issues? | What is Psychology?. What is Psychology? |. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://whatispsychology. net/what-are-the-zimbardo-prison-experiment-ethical-issues/ Cherry, K. (n. d. ). The Stanford Prison Experiment – Overview of the Stanford Prison Experiment. Psychology – Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://psychology. about. com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/stanford-prison-experiment. htm Dreifus, C. (2007, April 3). Finding Hope in Knowing the Universal Capacity for Evil. The New York Times, p. 1. Retrieved April 23, 2013, from http://www. nytimes. com/2007/04/03/science/ McLeod, S. (2008, January 1). Zimbardo – Stanford Prison Experiment. Simply Psychology – Articles for Students. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from http://www. simplypsychology. org/zimbardo. html Murthy, C. S. (2010). Chapter 3: Normative Ethics in Management. Business ethics (Fully rev. ed. , pp. 74-79). Mumbai [India: Himalaya Pub. Book. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from http://dc153. dawsoncollege. qc. ca:2440/lib/dawsoncoll/docDetail. action? docID=10415475&p00=business+ethics. Van Der Wee (Winter 2013) In Class Notes & PowerPoint Xavier, R. (2008, January 5). The Stanford Prison Experiment: Exploring the Ethical Issues. Yahoo. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from voices. yahoo. com/the-stanford-prison-experiment-exploring-ethical-563843. html? cat=37 Zuczka. (2012, February 5). Zimbardo’s prison experiment: do the ends justify the means of the ethical implications? | Psycho4Stats. Psycho4Stats | Because we all love: Psychology Statistics. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://zuczka. wordpress. com/2012/02/05/zimbardos-prison-experiment-do-the-ends-justify-the-means-of-the-ethical-implications/.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Harlem Renaissance Poets

Although knowledge of his early years is unreliable and vague, it is believed that he had a troubled childhood, full of abandonment. His writings celebrated black beauty and deplored racism and its effects Couch 1033 (Counter Culled, 2014)From a Dark Tree We shall not always plant while others repaper golden increment of bursting fruit,Not always countenance, abject and mute,That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap;Not everlastingly while others sleepwalk we guile their limbs with mellow flute,Not always bend to some more subtle brute;We were not made to eternally weep.The night whose sable breast relieves the stark,White stars is no less lovely being dark,And there are buds that cannot bloom at Allan light, but crumple, piteous, and fall;So in the dark we hide the heart that bleeds,And wait, and tend our agonizing seeds. From a The double consciousness that is being expressed in this poem is shown in the expression of the beauty and sadness in the nature around him. This is especially poignant in the line â€Å"White stars s no less lovely being dark†, essentially saying that black skin is as beautiful as white skin and should be accepted as such.The underlying theme in the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance is an essential yearning to be accepted into mainstream society, not as inferiors, but as equals. The acknowledgement of the beauty of the African American and the acceptance as Patriotic equals is a line that appears to run through these poems. Raised and Repressed I raise my arms and give a shout A penitent man, I am blessed I stand on a soil of freedom Gained by forefathers unrepressed And to my knees I fallSurrendering my dignity To another's beck and call And know deep in my heart That the freedom of which he and I also speak Are often worlds apart. -Holly Gaston Works

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Planning for public administration

Planning for public administration Planning refers to working out in an extensive outline, things that need to be done as well as the methods of doing them to achieve the determined organization’s goals. It can also be referred to as looking into the future and coming up with decisions on what should be done depending on the occurrence of events. Planning is one of the most significant roles in administration as it sets the prototype of other activities to be pursued.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning for public administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is accorded dominance with the reason that it is the first role that is performed and its outcomes are the plans that dole out as the direct for the actions of staff members. In an administration some plans are made to serve a given project while others are relatively permanent in nature hence referred to as standing plans which include procedures, policies as well as methods. In its simplest form planning is an activity that can be carried out by any associate of the administration as it encompasses setting missions, objectives as well as acts of achieving them. Planning in a broad spectrum engrosses making decisions as well as choosing future of actions from the set out substitutes. In public administration planning is crucial as it bridges the gap flanked by where an administration is and where it intends to be in future and therefore it calls for bringing in new things as well as workable implementation strategies. In a public administration without planning, actions are aimless. It plays a great role in ensuring that the members know their purposes, tasks, the guidelines to follow as well as their objectives in the administration for an efficient flow of the desired goals. Planning encompasses a range of constituents which include; Developing strategies and plans. Formulation of decision making processes. Establishing goals. Evaluation of environmenta l resources. In public administration there are various merits that come hand in hand with planning. Some of them include supplying the organization with firm administration as well as with financial structure for a proficiently change from the developer control. This is specifically done via setting up goals that are effective as well as attainable. Such goals engross evading huge assessments and also staying away from special assessments. To come up with such firm management, the set out goals must contribute to continuation of satisfied plans as well as a tress-free organization. Another merit in a public administration is that the owners have a right to be heard in organization administration.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also serves as a prepared technique to collect owners’ contribution in addition to setting off fact- based techniques as well as aims by which the organization gathers this key in. Planning also has great merits to the administrator since it supplies the director with a calculated base for creation of human resource choice (Adams 1982). Planning also allows the manager to look forward to modify to a certain extent than being astonished by actions, as well as supplying tactical schemes for tackling at hand and also predictable personnel concern. It also helps in attaining measurable programs and results that is, by recognizing in quantifiable conditions what the government aims to achieve as well as basing prospect budgetary verdicts on realizing those objectives. To pull off this assessable line up, the management has to ensure that only the right employees are on board and the necessary apparatus, spur and structures are made obtainable. The responsibility to work efficiently in any enterprise is also brought by managerial success in planning. The administration is also in a position to deal with analyti cally concerns that drive workforce via planning. A major merit in planning in a public administration is that the managers as well as the programs are made more valuable. It is also through planning that the directors are endowed with deliberate basis for human resource administration managerial that is intended at attaining program objectives. Planning in a public administration also assists the manager with the required data when making premeditated choices. The associations are also in a position to venture statistically as well as make strategies for putting back vanished competencies. In public administration planning has merits in a way that it provides the management with a gear to take in hand the changes in line up way that impacts the kind of work being carried out as well as giving the manager an opportunity to make out ways in which skills can change proficiencies required in the administration. In a broad line of attack, planning has a great advantage in facilitating d eveloping progression of the association’s objectives, evading the traps of linear philosophy, recognizing chances, generating alertness of hindrance to winning through over, facilitating control and also approximating association’s activities, directing and also uniting efforts and motivating thinking with the aim of improving the organization resources (Bathgate 1956).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning for public administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, there are several weaknesses that may arise from planning within the public administration. To begin with, is deprived scheduling. When planning is poorly done, the achievement of the set goals and objectives by an institution is not reached hence the chances of losing increase. Secondly, it is the lack of links between guiding principles assembly, setting up and accounting. Planning in any organization must review the relationship flanked by the policies making, planning and budgeting. This is because the three conditions go hand in hand in any strategizing for the communal management of an association. Underprivileged spending run is another weakness of planning. An already made plan may fail due to poor expenditure control of the resources available. Managers should be very keen on spending to avoid these failures. In addition, insufficient financial support of continuation and functioning of an enterprise is another weakness that is found in planning of public organizing. Moreover, lack of proper accounting systems is a fault to any public administration set up. In conclusion, small relationships between budgets as formulated and the budget as executed, unreliability in the flow of budgeted funds to agencies and to lower levels of government, unfortunate management of outer aid, scarce coverage of financial recital, deprived cash management and defectively motivated staff are other types of w eaknesses that may arise as a result of planning for public administration. In any planning, weaknesses should not exceed the merits (Bhasin 1976). This is because, when disadvantages are more than advantages the plan loses its purpose naturally. Managers of different organization are called upon to strictly follow the process of organizing wisely to avoid feebly implementation of a plan. In order to accomplish the set procedures in any public administration, proper planning of time allocation should be put into consideration bearing in mind that moment wasted is never recovered. References Adams, M. E. (1982). Agricultural extension in developing countries. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex: Longman.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bathgate, F. (Ed.). (1956). Experiment in extension-The Goon Sathi. London: Oxford. University Press. Bhasin, K. (1976). Participatory training for development. Bangkok: FAO.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Arrepentirse Conjugation in Spanish, Translations and Examples

Arrepentirse Conjugation in Spanish, Translations and Examples The Spanish verb arrepentirse  is frequently translated as to regret or to feel sorry, although it can also mean to repent. In some contexts, it can also refer to simply changing ones mind, as when someone backs out of a deal or contract. The tables below show  arrepentirse  conjugations in the present, past and future tenses, in both the indicative and subjunctive forms. The charts also include the imperative, participle, and gerund forms. How to Conjugate Arrepentirse Arrepentirse is a reflexive verb derived from arrepentir, which is almost never used nonreflexively. When used reflexively, it requires the reflexive pronouns  me, te, se, nos, and os, as seen in the conjugation charts. Arrepentirse  is irregular in two ways. The -e- of the stem changes to -ie- when stressed. And when unstressed, the -e- sometimes changes to -i-. The irregularities affect all of the subjunctive (present and imperfect) and negative imperative forms. A few forms in the indicative present and preterite are also affected, as well as the gerund. Present Indicative of Arrepentirse The present tense indicates that an action is happening now or that it happens generally or habitually. Yo me arrepiento I regret Yo no me arrepiento de nada. T te arrepientes You regret T te arrepientes por tus crmenes. Usted/l/ella se arrepiente You/he/she regrets l se arrepiente de todo lo que ha hecho. Nosotros nos arrepentimos We regret Nosotros nos arrepentimos por nuestros pecados. Vosotros os arrepents You regret Vosotros os arrepents de no haberme escuchado. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepienten You/they regret Ellos se arrepienten de haber apoyado al presidente. Arrepentirse Preterite The preterite is a type of past tense that refers to actions that came to a definite end, much like the English past tense ending in -ed for regular verbs. Yo me arrepent I regretted Yo no me arrepent de nada. T te arrepentiste You regretted T te arrepentiste por tus crmenes. Usted/l/ella se arrepinti You/he/she regretted l se arrepinti de todo lo que ha hecho. Nosotros nos arrepentimos We regretted Nosotros nos arrepentimos por nuestros pecados. Vosotros os arrepentisteis You regretted Vosotros os arrepentisteis de no haberme escuchado. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepintieron You/they regretted Ellos se arrepintieron de haber apoyado al presidente. Imperfect Indicative Form of Arrepentirse The imperfect is another type of past tense. Its usage is similar to the constructions used to verb or was verb -ing in English. Yo me arrepenta I was regretting Yo no me arrepenta de nada. T te arrepentas You were regretting T te arrepentas por tus crmenes. Usted/l/ella se arrepenta You/he/she was regretting l se arrepenta de todo lo que ha hecho. Nosotros nos arrepentamos We were regretting Nosotros nos arrepentamos por nuestros pecados. Vosotros os arrepentais You were regretting Vosotros os arrepentais de no haberme escuchado. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepentan You/they were regretting Ellos se arrepentan de haber apoyado al presidente. Arrepentirse Future Tense Yo me arrepentir I will regret Yo no me arrepentir de nada. T te arrepentirs You will regret T te arrepentirs por tus crmenes. Usted/l/ella se arrepentir You/he/she will regret l se arrepentir de todo lo que ha hecho. Nosotros nos arrepentiremos We will regret Nosotros nos arrepentiremos por nuestros pecados. Vosotros os arrepentiris You will regret Vosotros os arrepentiris de no haberme escuchado. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepentirn You/they will regret Ellos se arrepentirn de haber apoyado al presidente. Periphrastic Future of Arrepentirse The reflexive pronoun of the periphrastic future can come before the conjugated form of  the verb  ir (to go), as shown below, or attached to arrepentir. Thus, the first example sentence in the chart could have been written as Yo no voy a arrepentirme de nada. The method shown below is more common. Yo me voy a arrepentir I am going to regret Yo no me voy a arrepentir de nada. T te vas a arrepentir You are going to regret T te vas a arrepentir por tus crmenes. Usted/l/ella se va a arrepentir You/he/she is going to regret l se va a arrepentir de todo lo que ha hecho. Nosotros nos vamos a arrepentir We are going to regret Nosotros nos vamos a arrepentir por nuestros pecados. Vosotros os vais a arrepentir You are going to regret Vosotros os vais a arrepentir de no haberme escuchado. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se van a arrepentir You/they are going to regret Ellos se van a arrepentir de haber apoyado al presidente. Present Progressive/Gerund Form of Arrepentirse It is common to attach the reflexive pronoun to the gerund (also called a present participle) as shown below. It is also possible to place the pronoun in front of the verb phrase, so the sentence below also could have been rendered as Él se est arrepintiendo de todo lo que ha hecho. Gerund of Arrepentir est arrepintià ©ndose -  Is regretting Él est arrepintià ©ndose de todo lo que ha hecho. Past Participle of Arrepentirse As with other past participles, arrepentido can function as an adjective, in this case meaning repentant or otherwise feeling sorry. Participle of Arrepentir se ha arrepentido -  Has regretted Él se ha arrepentido  de todo lo que ha hecho. Conditional Form of Arrepentirse Yo me arrepentira I would regret Si fuera t, yo no me arrepentira de nada. T te arrepentiras You would regret T te arrepentiras por tus crmenes si fueras sincera. Usted/l/ella se arrepentira You/he/she would regret l se arrepentira de todo lo que ha hecho, pero no quiere ir a la crcel. Nosotros nos arrepentiramos We would regret Nosotros nos arrepentiramos por nuestros pecados, pero no hemos cometido errores. Vosotros os arrepentirais You would regret Vosotros os arrepentirais de no haberme escuchado si fuereis inteligentes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepentiran You/they would regret Ellos se arrepentiran de haber apoyado al presidente, pero les gusta su personalidad. Present Subjunctive of Arrepentirse Que yo me arrepienta That I regret Es lamentable que yo no me arrepienta de nada. Que t te arrepientas That you regret El juez quiere que t te arrepientas por tus crmenes. Que usted/l/ella se arrepienta That you/he/she regret Sofa quiere que l se arrepienta de todo lo que ha hecho. Que nosotros nos arrepintamos That we regret Mam quiere que nosotros nos arrepintamos por nuestros pecados. Que vosotros os arrepintis That you regret Quiero que vosotros os arrepintis de no haberme escuchado. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepientan That you/they regret Me alegra que ellos se arrepientan de haber apoyado al presidente. Imperfect Subjunctive Form of Arrepentirse There is very seldom any difference in meaning between the two forms of the imperfect subjunctive shown below, although the first option is more common. Option 1 Que yo me arrepintiera That I regretted Era lamentable que yo no me arrepintiera de nada. Que t te arrepintieras That you regretted El juez quera que t te arrepintieras por tus crmenes. Que usted/l/ella se arrepintiera That you/he/she regretted Sofa quera que l se arrepintiera de todo lo que ha hecho. Que nosotros nos arrepintiramos That we regretted Mam quera que nosotros nos arrepintiramos por nuestros pecados. Que vosotros os arrepintierais That you regretted Yo quera que vosotros os arrepintierais de no haberme escuchado. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepintieran That you/they regretted Me alegra que ellos se arrepintieran de haber apoyado al presidente. Option 2 Que yo me arrepintiese That I regretted Era lamentable que yo no me arrepintiese de nada. Que t te arrepintieses That you regretted El juez quera que t te arrepintieses por tus crmenes. Que usted/l/ella se arrepintiese That you/he/she regretted Sofa quera que l se arrepintiese de todo lo que ha hecho. Que nosotros nos arrepintisemos That we regretted Mam quera que nosotros nos arrepintisemos por nuestros pecados. Que vosotros os arrepintieseis That you regretted Yo quera que vosotros os arrepintieseis de no haberme escuchado. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se arrepintiesen That you/they regretted Me alegra que ellos se arrepintiesen de haber apoyado al presidente. Imperative Forms of Arrepentirse The reflexive pronoun is attached to affirmative commands but comes before negative commands. Imperative (Positive Command) T arrepintete Regret! Arrepintete por tus crmenes! Usted arrepintase Regret! Arrepintase de todo lo que ha hecho! Nosotros arrepintmonos Lets regret! Arrepintmonos por nuestros pecados! Vosotros arrepentos Regret! Arrepentos de no haberme escuchado! Ustedes arrepintanse Regret! Arrepintanse de haber apoyado al presidente! Imperative (Negative Command) T no te arrepientas Dont regret! No te arrepientas por tus crmenes! Usted no se arrepienta Dont regret! No se arrepienta de todo lo que ha hecho! Nosotros no nos arrepintamos Lets not regret! No nos arrepintamos por nuestros pecados! Vosotros no os arrepintis Dont regret! No os arrepintis por no haberme escuchado! Ustedes no se arrepientan Dont regret! No se arrepientan de haber apoyado al presidente!

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Similarities and differences between Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte Research Paper

Similarities and differences between Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte - Research Paper Example Although these two were surrealists, they have several differences and similarities. The two are referred to as the representational surrealism’s masters. Everyone made use of his own way to make his work more impressing to the viewer. Rene Magritte’s painting work has a lot to talk about the sense of reality, the real things, and those that are not real. Rene Magritte used painting just as a tool or symbol to illustrate at least his views about the everyday world, and how painting relates to the world. On the other hand, Salvador Dali never dealt with the types of ideas relied on by Rene Magritte. Large piece of Salvador’s work tends to link with his struggle with the sexual power and symbols. The use of symbolism in his painting is the self-made idea or a sense of the outside world. Therefore, the simple landscape painting that symbolizes that landscape turn into a highly complex observation of his inner work of the mind, and the relationship that exists between reality and imagery. Rene Magritte insists that, the inner working of our minds is similar to the real outside happenings. This ring to be true comparing to the way both neuroscientists and psychologists have to conclude about the form in which our mind works. On the other hand, Salvador Dali never dealt with the types of ideas Rene Magritte relied on. Large piece of Salvador’s work tends to link with his struggle with the sexual power and symbols. Comparing the two artists, Salvador Dali highly concerted with symbolism and imagery of what his dreams comprised and fantasies.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Three Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three Questions - Case Study Example As the paper stresses there are certain HR. principles that have materialized into strategic practices at the organization. One of them is the principle of training human resources continuously to save on financial resources of the firm. This tenet has been implemented as a strategy in that the firm sends various heads of departments to benchmark or attend training conferences with discussions for instance, about improved methods of technical and scientific revolution. The firm also employs the services of a company psychologist to assist employees cope with their different stressing issues.  From this case study it is clear that in line with the principle of employee motivation, differentiation and establishment of remuneration according to the weight or intensity of work coupled with qualitative and quantitative performance, the firm ensures that hardworking employees are acknowledged and rewarded. For instance, the firm has a policy of recognizing the employee of the month. This is usually the worker who has successfully completed most projects and has done them well. The corporation has also made an effort to provide its workers with health insurance coverage in case of any medical emergencies that they and/or their families may encounter. This is in accordance to the fundamental principle of human resource management or labour protection if employees are faced with the risk of accidents or illnesses in the line of work.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

The level of the different agencies in the administrative structure of Term Paper

The level of the different agencies in the administrative structure of the Federal Government - Term Paper Example The United States of America has different categories of agencies which ease the operation of the federal government given the nations’ size and population. Each of the agencies has its own line of operation which makes a significant contribution the government duties. It also provides support to the department of defense under which it is formed. The US Bureau of Land Management is an executive department agency found within the Department of The Interior. This agency is responsible for administering public lands in the United States of America. It has an office of law enforcement and security which is also a Federal Law enforcement agency in the federal government of the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency of the United States is an independent agency of federal government. This agency is responsible for protecting both the environment and human health. It does this through writing and also enforcing regulations derived from the laws made by the US congress. T he United States Secret Service Agency is an executive agency. It is also a law enforcement agency which is found in the department of Homeland Security of the United States as suggested by Gaines (2001). Appropriation Subcommittees Responsible for Jurisdiction over Each Agency’s Budget Request The Appropriation subcommittees usually work off the budget request of the administration and the previous year’s bills expenses while including any of the upcoming congress priorities. There are twelve appropriation subcommittees each comprising of twelve members. ... Each year it is the mandate of the congress to pass appropriation bills for water and energy development. This budget incorporates funding, studies maintenance and the construction of particular projects. The House Interior and Environment Appropriations subcommittee is responsible for the budget request of the bureau of Land Management as suggested by Congress (2003). The Interior and Environment appropriations Committee has jurisdiction over the Environment protection agency of the us regarding the age n cy’s budget request. The Interior and Environment appropriation committee is under the chairmanship of Mike Simpson. The committee constantly criticizes the agency’s budget to ensure that it is in line with planned projects. It hand les issue such as handling interior bills as it is one of the tough bills the congress needs to pass. The homeland and security appropriations committee is responsible for jurisdiction over United States Secret Service agency’s budg et request. The committee is also responsible for other agencies related to homeland d security such as transport security administration, United States coast guard among others. It is also responsible for fun ding state and other local preparedness efforts. The budget from the subcommittees usually forms approximately twelve percent deduction of the President’s budget proposal. The homeland security appropriation subcommittee is currently chaired by Mary Landieu who is a democrat from Louisiana. The Environment Protection agency is also under Interior and Environment appropriation committee chaired by Mike Simpson. The subcommittee here approves annual spending bills of he environment al protection agency.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Disorders of the Respiratory and Circulatory System

Disorders of the Respiratory and Circulatory System Neusha Bakhtiari Aghmasjed Asthma Asthma is an allergic response which affects the bronchial tubes and can result in coughing, wheezing or breathlessness. It leads to the inflammation of airways, causing them to tighten, resulting in difficulty of breathing. Asthma is not classified as an infectious disease and it is rather an allergic condition which cause is not fully understood. It is usually triggered when the person with asthma comes in contact with: House dust mitten, animal fur, some medicines (Nsaids), pollen, tobacco smoke, exercise, stress, cold air, chest infections. When the immune system receives an inflammatory response, white blood cells release histamine and this result in the contraction of smooth circular muscle of bronchioles as well as restriction of airways. (Bronchoconstriction). More mucus is then secreted by the epithelial cells and as the result the airways are blocked even more. This condition reduces the rate of ventilation through tightened bronchioles therefore less gas exchange will take place in the alveoli and cellular respiration in the body. This condition causes breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing as the lungs want to get rid of the built up mucus in them. There is no cure for asthma. However, there are different ways to control the condition. These methods are applied in two ways. One is to Treat/Relieve symptoms and the other is to prevent any future symptoms/attacks. The procedure includes a combination of medicines, lifestyle advice and understanding the asthma triggers. The Asthma medicines are normally given by inhaler which supplies the drug directly to airways through mouth. It is effective as it delivers the drug directly to the lungs. There are number of conditions which increase the risk of developing Asthma such as: If your parents have asthma If you are overweight If you have certain allergic conditions If you smoke or exposed to second hand smoke If you are exposed to any type of pollution or chemicals used in the industry. There are 5.4 million people in UK receiving treatment for asthma which means that 1 in 12 adults or 1 in 11 children are currently receiving treatment for their condition. In adults, asthma is more common in women than men. Assessment Criteria 1.4 Discuss disorders of the respiratory system Pulmonary Tuberculosis Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that can spread in areas where large amount of blood and oxygen exist such as the lungs as well as other organs in the body. This disease is caused by a type of bacterium named Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It spreads when a person who has active TB in their lungs breaths out the germs when sneezing, laughing, coughing, singing or talking and then the other person breathe in the germs. The common symptoms of Active TB in the lungs are Cough which contains bloody mucus for two weeks or more, weakness and tiredness, sudden weight loss and loss of appetite, difficulty when breathing and chest pain or fever. TB disease can affect many organs in our body such as kidneys, bones and brain but it usually affects human lungs. There are two main stages in the process of this infectious disease. In the first stage which commonly lasts for the duration of several months, the bacteria cells attack the epithelial cells of the alveoli and bronchioles. Then they start to multiply in fibrous capsule which spreads around that area. Here the human immune system becomes stimulated and starts to resist the disease. Before this invasion is over, a few bacteria might escape into the bloodstream and develop in other body organs. If the body’s immune system is successful, this disease never develops and is known as TB infection. However, if it remains untreated it develops into the second stage where it becomes an active disease. In the second stage of this disease the germs start to multiply and destroy the epithelial cells of the lungs. In some cases, although it seems that the disease has been cured, but after a while it comes back and becomes active. This occurs mostly when the immune system of the body becomes weak. The second stage of this disease is presented through the consumption of the tissue of lungs which leads to the destruction of the alveoli. Here the person starts to manifest the symptoms such as continues cough. The risk factors that increase the possibility of a person getting infected by this disease are named below: Being in contact with/ living with an infected person. Living or working is crowded places where there is a possibility of coming in contact with people with untreated active TB. These places can be prisons, nursing homes or homeless shelters. Having a poor diet which affects the immune system of the human body. Pasteurisation of milk and cultivation of animals as this used to be a common cause of transmission of TB by Cows. Assessment Criteria 2.3 Discuss disorders of the circulatory system Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) The human heart is designed to pump the blood around the body through causing pressure. However, if the blood is pumped around the body with an increased amount of pressure than normal, the arteries and the heart itself can be seriously damaged or even it can lead to heart failure if they both stop because of the strain. High blood pressure can cause microscopic tears in the walls of the arteries which turn into scar tissue. The damaged artery can trap more plaque as the scar tissues formed in it accommodates plaques (Fat, cholesterol, etc). This causes the arteries to become narrower and as a result conditions such as Coronary Artery Disease appear. Two main conditions control the blood pressure: One is the amount of force generated when the heart pumps the blood around the body and the other is how relax or narrow the arteries are: HBP can damage the arteries: Our arteries in their healthy state are flexible strong and elastic. Its smooth internal lining is where the blood can flow freely and provide different nutrient and Oxygen gas to our tissues and organs. High blood pressure damages these cells. In the case of arteriosclerosis which causes damage to the artery by blocking it, organs such as kidneys, brain, arm and legs can be affected. These damages can lead to stroke, heart failure and kidney failure. In some cases the continues pressure of blood in already weakened artery can lead to enlargement of its walls and formation of aneurysm which can bring about life threatening complications such as internal bleeding. This complication usually takes place in our aorta. Can damage the heart: It can lead to diseases such as coronary artery disease. This happens when arteries are narrowed by coronary artery disease and do not let the blood to move freely through our arteries. It can cause chest pain, heart attack or irregular heartbeat if the blood doesn’t flow freely to the heart. It can also lead to enlarged left heart as high blood pressure leads the heart to pump blood with excess pressure around the body and causes the left ventricle to thicken. Can damage the brain: The brain has to receive blood which contains nourishing substances in order to be able to carry out its function. However, in some cases if the blood clotting takes place as the result of high blood pressure it can cause Transient ischemic attack (TIA), Stoke or Dementia. Symptoms related to HBP are headache, sleepiness or confusion. The risk factors of hypertension: Family history, obesity, smoking, type 1 2 diabetes, kidney disease, alcohol abuse, having high amount of salt in the diet, lack of physical activities (exercise) and medicines such as steroids About 10 million in the UK are diagnosed with hypertension. This means that one out of five has high blood pressure. Assessment Criteria 2.3 Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the built up of plaques which is made up of fatty deposit around the wall of the arteries. After a while these fatty deposits of cholesterol and smooth muscle cells form Atheroma which causes the arteries to lose their elasticity as well as becoming narrow. This reduces the amount of blood flow through the arteries and blood vessels hence reducing the oxygen supply. It can take a long time until atherosclerosis is hardened and narrowed. However, when the arteries are considerably damaged, different conditions may occur such as: Thrombus: The arteries can be blocked if blood clots on the plaque made of cholesterol around its walls and as the result the blood flow will be restrained and the tissues will not receive the required nutrient. The atheroma on the walls of the arteries is covered by protective cells from the blood which flows in the artery. If this protective cell barrier is broken down, the blood will be exposed to high concentration of cholesterol on the wall of the artery and this generates the blood clotting system. This process can lead to the blockage of the artery and prevention of blood flow to the organ it supports therefore, depending on the organ; it can cause stroke, heart attack and angina. Heart failure: When the artery is narrowed, it causes damage to the muscle of the heart. High blood pressure and renal failure when the arteries which exist in the kidney are affected. Many people are affected by atherosclerosis. It is possible that it starts from the age of 20. The reason behind its occurrence is still unknown but the reasons given below can be considered as risk factors: Family history of atherosclerosis Having high amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood or low amount of HDL in the blood. High blood pressure The rate increases if the person smokes. Diabetes: In people with type 1 diabetes atherosclerosis can take many years to appear but in people with type 2 diabetes it can appear within a few years. Kidney failure Excess weight A diet with high amount of fat in it Race: People from south Asia are more likely to develop Atherosclerosis. According to the British Heart Foundation, at least 2.6 million people in the UK suffer from Atherosclerosis. Bibliography Dr. Patrick Davey, Dr Sabine Gill, Dr Carl J Brandt and Dr Steen Dalby Kristensen . 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